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mantis shrimp
The mantis shrimp, or stomatopod, is a type of marine crustacean of the order Stomatopoda. Most species can grow to around in length, though a few species reach up to . The largest ever caught has a length of in the Indian River near Fort Pierce, Florida of USA. The carapace of mantis shrimp covers only the rear part of the head and the first four segments of the thorax. There are more than 450 species of Mantis shrimp. Varieties range from shades of brown to vivid colours, and are among the most important predators in many shallow, tropical and sub-tropical marine habitats. Despite being common, they are poorly understood as many species spend most of their life tucked away in burrows and holes.
Called "sea locusts" by ancient Assyrians, "prawn killers" in Australia〔("Mantis shrimps" ), Queensland Museum〕 and now sometimes referred to as "thumb splitters" – because of the animal's ability to inflict painful gashes if handled incautiously – mantis shrimps sport powerful claws that they use to attack and kill prey by spearing, stunning, or dismemberment. In captivity, some larger species are capable of breaking through aquarium glass with a single strike.
==Ecology==
Around 400 species of mantis shrimp have currently been described worldwide; all living species are in the suborder Unipeltata.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stomatopoda )〕
These aggressive and typically solitary sea creatures spend most of their time hiding in rock formations or burrowing intricate passageways in the sea bed. They rarely exit their homes except to feed and relocate, and can be diurnal, nocturnal, or crepuscular, depending on the species. They either wait for prey to chance upon them or, unlike most crustaceans, sometimes hunt, chase, and kill prey. Although some live in temperate seas, most species live in tropical and subtropical seas in the Indian and Pacific Oceans between eastern Africa and Hawaii.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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